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Section 7.1 Greenhouse
Effect (p. 334-340)
This unit explores how excess carbon dioxide and CFCs in the
atmosphere contribute to global warming. |
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Section 7.2 Vibrational
Modes (p. 340-343)
This tutorial illustrates the three vibrational modes: bending,
symmetric stretching, and asymmetric stretching. Molecules
can absorb specific wavelengths of infrared radiation by converting
this energy into molecular vibrations. |
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Section 7.3 Expanded Valence
Shells (p. 343-347)
Explore the exceptions to the octet rule, and learn to identify
the conditions under which an element will expand its outer
electron shell to hold more than 8 electrons. Includes practice
exercises. |
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Section 7.6 VSEPR Model
(p. 354-363)
This unit presents interactive three-dimensional representations
of all the molecular geometries, as well as chemical examples
of each. . Simply click and drag a molecule to rotate it in
space. |
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Section 7.7 Hybridization
(p. 363-371)
This tutorial animates the formation of hybrid orbitals from
individual s and p orbitals, shows examples of their geometry,
and describes how they can produce single, double, and triple
bonds.. Includes practice exercises. |
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Section 7.8 Partial Charges
and Bond Dipoles (p. 371-375 )
This tutorial explains that covalent bonds often include unequal
distribution of electrons leading to partial charges on atoms,
bond dipole moments, and molecule polarity. Interactive problem
exercises ask you to calculate dipole moments of polar molecule. |
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