Chapter 10: The Solid State: A Molecular View of Gems and Minerals

 

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Section 10.1 X-ray Diffraction (p. 470-472)
This unit shows how X-ray diffraction measurements are used to determine the distance between layers or a crystal and calculate unit cell length. Includes practice problems.


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Section 10.2 Unit Cell (p. 472-476)
Learn to identify the repeating patterns of atoms or ions that are characteristic of crystalline solids and determine the number of atoms in a given unit cell. Includes practice exercises.


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Section 10.3 Crystal Packing (p. 476-484)
This tutorial reviews the seven classes of unit cells and provides an interactive 3D representation of each type.


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Section 10.5 Allotropes of Carbon (p. 489-490)
Explore how the structural differences in various allotropes of carbon (graphite, diamond, and fullerenes) are related to the differences in their physical properties.


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Section 10.7 Crystal Field Splitting (p. 494-502)
This animation illustrates how transition metals can fill tetrahedral and octahedral holes in crystal lattices, resulting in the splitting of the energies of their d orbitals and the brilliant color of gemstones. Includes sample o calculations and practice problems.


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