Glossary
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Glossary Terms for letter: T
taphonomy The study of the deposition of plant or animal remains and the environmental conditions affecting their preservation.
taxonomy The classification of organisms into a system that reflects degree of relatedness.
tectonic Refers to various structures on Earth's surface, such as the continental plates.
thalassemia A genetic blood disease in which the hemoglobin is improperly synthesized, causing the red blood cells to have a much shorter lifespan.
theory A set of hypotheses that have been rigorously tested and validated, leading to their establishment as a generally accepted explanation of specific phenomena.
Theropithecus A genus of primates ancestral to some Old World monkeys, found in Pliocene and Pleistocene Africa.
thymine One of four nitrogen bases that make up DNA; it pairs with adenine.
tooth comb Anterior teeth that have been tilted forward, creating a scraper.
total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) The number of calories used by an organism's body during a 24-hour period.
transcription The first step of protein synthesis, involving the creation of mRNA based on the DNA template.
transfer RNA (tRNA) The molecules that are responsible for transporting amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis.
translation The second step of protein synthesis, involving the transfer of amino acids by tRNA to the ribosomes, which are then added to the protein chain.
translocations Rearrangements of chromosomes due to the insertion of genetic material from one chromosome to another.
transposable elements Mobile pieces of DNA that can copy themselves into entirely new areas of the chromosomes.
treponematoses A group of related diseases (venereal syphilis, yaws, endemic syphilis) caused by the bacteria Treponema, which causes pathological changes most often to the cranium and tibiae.
triplets Sequences of three nitrogen bases each in DNA, known as codons in mRNA.
trisomy Refers to the condition in which an additional chromosome exists with the homologous pair.
type 2 diabetes A disease in which the body does not produce sufficient amounts of insulin or the cells do not use available insulin, causing a buildup of glucose in the cells.
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