Glossary
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Glossary Terms for letter: G
gametes Sexual reproductive cells, ova and sperm, that have a haploid number of chromosomes and that can unite with a gamete of the opposite sex to form a new organism.
gemmules As proposed by Darwin, the units of inheritance, supposedly accumulated in the gametes so they could be passed on to offspring.
gene The basic unit of inheritance; a sequence of DNA on a chromosome, coded to produce a specific protein.
gene flow Admixture, or the exchange of alleles between two populations.
gene pool All the genetic information in the breeding population.
genetic drift The random change in allele frequency from one generation to the next, with greater effect in small populations.
genome The complete set of chromosomes for an organism or species that represents all the inheritable traits.
genomics The branch of genetics that studies species' genomes.
genotype The genetic makeup of an organism; the combination of alleles for a given gene.
genus A group of related species.
geology The study of Earth's physical history.
Gigantopithecus A genus of Miocene pongids from Asia; the largest primate that ever lived.
global warming The increase in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere in response to the greenhouse effect; a cause of climate change.
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) An enzyme that aids in the proper functioning of red blood cells; its deficiency, a genetic condition, leads to hemolytic anemia.
growth velocity The speed with which an organism grows in size, often measured as the amount of growth per year.
guanine One of four nitrogen bases that make up DNA and RNA; it pairs with cytosine.
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