Chapter 9: Early Hominid Origins and Evolution: The Roots of Humanity
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- CHAPTER 9 EARLY HOMINID ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION: THE ROOTS OF HUMANITY
- BIG QUESTIONS
- What Is a Hominid?
- Bipedal Locomotion: Getting Around on Two Feet
- Nonhoning Chewing: No Slicing, Mainly Grinding
- HOW DO WE KNOW?: The Lesson of Piltdown: Science as a Way of Knowing
- CONCEPT CHECK: What Makes a Hominid a Hominid?
- Why Did Hominids Emerge?
- Charles Darwin's Hunting Hypothesis
- Peter Rodman and Henry McHenry's Patchy Forest Hypothesis
- Owen Lovejoy's Provisioning Hypothesis
- Sexual Dimorphism and Human Behavior
- Bipedality Had Its Benefi ts and Costs: An Evolutionary Trade-Off
- Who Were the First Hominids?
- The Pre-Australopithecines
- SAHELANTHROPUS TCHADENSIS (7-6 mya)
- ORRORIN TUGENENSIS (6 mya)
- ARDIPITHECUS KADABBA and ARDIPITHECUS RAMIDUS (5.8-4.4 mya)
- The Australopithecines (4-1 mya)
- CONCEPT CHECK: The Pre-Australopithecines
- AUSTRALOPITHECUS ANAMENSIS (4 mya)
- ANTHROPOLOGY MATTERS: Finders of the Ancestors
- AUSTRALOPITHECUS AFARENSIS (3.6-3.0 mya)
- AUSTRALOPITHECUS (KENYANTHROPUS) PLATYOPS (3.5 mya)
- Diversifi cation of the Hominidae: Emergence of Two Evolutionary Lineages from One (3-1 mya)
- AUSTRALOPITHECUS GARHI (2.5 mya): the first maker, and user, of tools
- Evolution and Extinction of the Australopithecines
- CONCEPT CHECK: The Australopithecines
- ANSWERING THE BIG QUESTIONS
- Key Terms
- Additional Readings
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