Alan Durning
How Much Is Enough?
The Consumer Society and the Future of the Earth
The wildfire advance of the consumer lifestyle around the globe marks the most
rapid and fundamental change in day-to-day existence the human species has ever
experienced. Over a few short generations, we in the affluent fifth of humanity
have become car drivers, television watchers, mall shoppers, and throwaway buyers.
The tragic irony is that while the consumer society has been stunningly effective
in harming the environment, it has failed to provide us with a sense of fulfillment.
Consumerism has hoodwinked us into gorging on material things because we suffer
from social, psychological, and spiritual hungers.
Yet the opposite extremepoverty may be even worse for the human spirit
and devastates the environment too, as hungry peasants put forests to the torch
and steep slopes to the plow.
If the Earth suffers when people have either too little or too much, the questions
arise: How much is enough? What level of consumption can the planet support? When
do more things cease to add appreciably to human life?
These are the issues that Alan Durning tackles in his eloquent and thought-provoking
How Much Is Enough?. Ultimately, Durning argues, the linked fates of humanity
and the natural realm depend on us, the consumers. We can curtail our use of
ecologically destructive things and cultivate the deeper, non-material sources
of fulfillment that bring happiness: family and social relationships, meaningful
work, and leisure. Or we can abrogate our responsibilities and allow our lifestyle
to destroy the Earth.
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